The Contrapasso in Dantes Inferno.

The Contrapasso in Dantes Inferno. The Contrapasso in Dante's InfernoCircle of the MalevolentAs we enter, I immediately felt ill from the humidity and indispictable odour of burnt flesh that fills the air. The walls and grounds are covered with big pearls, dripping with a thick substance of the colour red. With a further glance, I realize each pearl has a dark circle on its surface and these are eyeballs. An endless line of naked sinners stand close by along the circular path. There standing infront of the line is a great heinous monster, with two large horns on the crown of its head replacing the ears, huge round eyes, a lion's mouth and beasty paws with nails atleast ten inches in length.I notice something perculiar in this circle, and I ask Virgil, "Why is it that the sinners are oddly silent here?" And he does not answer my question, but replies, "Let's continue and see what Leeca does to the sinners."Porque sin miz no hay paysWe approach the line and I see the great beast stabbing the throat of a sinner with a si ngle nail from his left claw. The nail pokes through the back of the sinner's neck, then Leeca pulls it out and stabs the eyes with two nails from the right claw, leaving with only empty sockets. The sinner is grabbed by the bleeding neck, and thrown into the large pit located at the center of the circular path.I sensed the need to vomit and I watched the sinners pushing one another down to the bottom of the pit in order to dig themselves up to the surface. A numerous number of blacks crows drifts the air on top of the pit and pecks the empty eye sockets of those sinners who manage to crawl to the top. The sinner sinks...

Presidential Pardons essays

Presidential Pardons essays The President of the United States has many powers, of them the power to pardon is perhaps one of the most controversial powers he posses. Throughout history the pardon has played an important part in political and perhaps financial support for Presidents. Previously Presidents have been accused of abusing the pardon. Although extremely controversial at times, the presidential pardon is an important part of U.S. government. The U.S. constitution gives the President of the United States the power to grant pardons under Article II Section 2, and is stated as such. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. This is extended into 4 main types of pardons. Absolute pardon, a pardon that releases the wrongdoer from punishment and restores the offender's civil rights without qualification. Also termed full pardon, unconditional pardon. Conditional pardon, a pardon that does not become effective until the wrongdoer satisfied a prerequisite or that will be revoked upon the o ccurrence of some specified act. General pardon, a pardon extended by the government to a group or class or persons, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of persons who are subject to trial but have not been convicted.... Unlike an ordinary pardon, amnesty is usually addressed to crimes against state sovereignty - that is, to political offenses with respect to which forgiveness is deemed more expedient for the public welfare than prosecution and punis ...

Gambling in Cyberspace the Ethical Dilemma Essay

Gambling in Cyberspace the Ethical Dilemma - Essay Example With the technological advancements, it has become increasingly important to understand ethics related to this phenomenon such as concerning privacy and security issues (Lim, 2007). Online gambling has emerged as one of the most debated issues when the ethics of information technology is discussed. This can be attributed to the fact that gaming industry has started to sweep across the American nation, and as such, a flood of ethical issues has been in tandem with it (Ho?rnle and Zammit, 2010). This paper will discuss the ethical dilemma of gambling in cyberspace. Introduction Online gambling is officially considered to have started on 18 August 1995 when Internet Casinos Inc. put the first virtual casino upon the internet. This site offered 18 different online gambling games. The online gambling industry gained prominence and in less than four years, it had exploded. It is estimated that in 1996 alone, about $1.2 million had been wagered online. It was estimated that this amount had increased to $10 billion annually by 2000 (Dunnington, 2003). Online gambling has grown over the years to have an effect on many people and spheres of the American society. For example, a number of states in recent years have taken it upon themselves in implementing commercial casinos in order to generate takes, as well as provide monetary relief for state governments facing budget deficits. It has however been observed that gambling has led to addiction thus raising ethical issues in the society (Spapens, Littler and Fijnaut, 2008). It is argued that it has led to increase in crime, as well as social and psychological problems associated directly with losing. Nonetheless, from an economic point of view, online gambling help to create jobs and generate taxes for state governments. It is estimated that gambling industry influences about one million are directly or indirectly. As such, while it presents some ethical issues, there are economic benefits to justify it. It is because of t his reason that there has been ethical dilemma regarding gambling, and more particularly about online gaming (Gainsbury, 2012). Primarily, there are two main standpoints for the ethical dilemma of gambling in cyberspace: the arguments against online gambling and arguments made for online gambling. The opponents of online gaming argue that it further confuses the legality issue, as it blurs the line between illegal and legal gambling. Different states have varying position on gambling and therefore confusion reigns from one state to another on varying extent (Ho?rnle and Zammit, 2010). According to available data, 48 states have certain forms of legalized gambling such as casino games, racetracks, and lotteries. However, they lack or have little consistency in gambling laws. Some states have outlawed casino gambling but have made them legal based on reservations. The critics of online gambling further argue that it breeds addiction. In some cases, online gaming has been criticized of giving access to millions of people who would otherwise not have access to such amount of money. Therefore, it has led the society to have more gamblers and so more addicts of gambling (Harrison, 2000). The consequence of this has been that some people have even sacrificed their homes and jobs over the need of paying off gambling debts. This has caused depression and stress on the affected individuals

(Analytical Essay) on the field of International Relations Essay

(Analytical ) on the field of International Relations - Essay Example More specifically, the essay shall highlight on the other alternatives that are existent in an endeavor to maximize the states’ security. The essay shall also shed light on the case of Iran and the alternatives of development of regional hegemony among the members, accessing wealth and achieving nuclear superiority, as factors that would reduce chances of war attempts in the name of securing peace and security. One of the aspects that can allow for peace and security among states relate to development of regional hegemony among the members. According to Richard & Michael, (pp.71), regional hegemony refers to maximizing security in the states so as to avoid a situation whereby the state would be attacked by another. Though analysts hold the view attaining hegemony is almost impossible especially security along the water bodies, a lot of countries have attempted a move to establish hegemony, despite their having minimal resources for the same. This means that all countries always have the hope that they may achieve security through attaining domination over other countries in the region. This can be proven from the example of U.S.A. that has managed to maintain its security through attaining regional hegemony. If this happens, then there is a great likelihood that the fewer cases of war will be witnessed in the globe. In the case of Iran for instance, this country has been seen with a keen interest in the issue of acquisition of nuclear weapons, so as to achieve hegemony in the Persian Gulf and the entire Middle East region. This has been part of the country’s aspiration of for a long time especially under the leadership of Shah. With the country gaining regional superpower, it would automatically gain supremacy, especially having neighbors of the like of India, Israel, and Pakistan amongst others. It is evident that being the center of the regional hegemony, the country would be spared from war scares. On another point of view, accessing wealth is

Minorities at War Essay Example for Free

Minorities at War Essay Many people’s lives changed in various ways during and after the World War II. The lives of women and minorities such as African Americans and Native Americans, changed drastically mostly in a positive way. Just like during most wars, women found jobs and opportunities. This was mainly because men and husbands went to work in industries and factories in different parts of the country while others went to war as soldiers. With reduction in the male taskforce, young girls and married women had to take up responsibilities and jobs that were traditionally considered to be for men (Mays 17). Unlike the First World War, where women served as secretaries and nurses, in the Second World War they were placed in more skilled jobs such as: research, electronics, engineering and mechanics (Mays 17). The Women’s Army Corps was created in 1942, which enabled women to participate in combat fields as pilots and other support personnel but not in direct combat. The war served as a major platform for women in society, women started being viewed as useful in various fields and not just as caregivers. The opportunity to take part in jobs that were traditionally considered for men also empowered women psychologically (Mays 17). The fight for equality for all citizens began after the civil war where President Lincoln freed the slaves. The Select Service Act was passed in 1940, allowing Hispanics, Native-Americans and African-Americans to enroll to all the branches of the army. The war offered opportunities for many African Americans to escape poverty in their rural homes (Reinhardt and Ganzel). Many blacks enlisted in the army trying to escape a long period of tenant farming and Depression in the Midwest and South. The army recruited Negroes but still practiced segregation (Reinhardt and Ganzel). In the chaos of war, especially after Pearl Harbor, the army had to work together and segregation was broken. After the war, many blacks opted to remain in towns and do work related to what they did in the army instead of going back to their rural homes (Reinhardt and Ganzel). Movements for fighting for civil rights had been created. The post-war era, was a period of exceptional struggle by the African Americans against the second class citizenship that had been accorded to them. They resisted racial discrimination and segregation through nationwide protests, boycotts, rallies and civil disobedience (Reinhardt and Ganzel). Many blacks joined civil rights movements and legal efforts were made to challenge segregation and inequality through courts. These efforts were rewarded with the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 which outlawed racism and segregation. In 1965, the Voting Rights Act was also passed allowing all races to vote. The passing of these acts was a great step in the demise of second class citizenship (Reinhardt and Ganzel). The struggle by the blacks to achieve equality inspired and influenced other civil rights groups as well such as Native–Americans and Hispanics. The war as witnessed was a great turning point for both women and minorities in America. They were all empowered by the situations created by the war to improve their status in society and fight for their rights. Work Cited: Mays, Dorothy A. Women in early America: struggle, survival, and freedom in a new world. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Inc. Publishers, 2004. Reinhardt, Claudia and Ganzel, Bill. â€Å"Civil Rights for Minorities†. Wesley Living History Farm. 26 August 2010 from: http://www. livinghistoryfarm. org/farminginthe40s/life_18. html

A Man For All Seasons Essay -- English Literature

A Man For All Seasons In A Man For All Seasons Robert Bolt uses a lot of symbolism to tell the story. The main character Sir Thomas More wears plain Grey clothes which are simple, not fashionable/stylish. This symbolizes that he is not ostentatious, only cares about God and not peoples opinions and not boastful. Cardinal Wolsey wears bright, silky clothes that shows he is very important and rich so he can afford these clothes. Clothes represent your status. When Cardinal Wolsey dies his clothes are heaped on the middle of the floor and the steward just flings them into a basket with no respect at all this symbolizes they have no meaning anymore and are just plain, ordinary clothes. The king’s clothes are gold which shows that this person is the most important. Only the king wears gold clothes and the richest things. The duke is dressed in green to just represent who he is to every citizen around him. For the administrator’s black and pinstripe suits are worn once again to show status. Examples of administrators are Rich and Cromwell. This symbolism of clothes shows a dress code for all different types of people there are E.G poor people will wear dirty rags which might be torn and very worn. Where as rich people like the king, duke, etc will wear silk, gold and silver. The language used in the play is also symbolism as when someone speaks to the king they always say â€Å"your grace† this represents the king is very important and has to be addressed properly. When poor people talk to Cromwell, More, the Duke and the Cardinal they are always addressed as â€Å"Sir† and once again represents the importance of this person. The common man puts on the hat and coat; this shows the alienation effect. The audience has se... ... if Cromwell is letting him know that he is not doing a bad thing. Cromwell knows that he did no wrong and so shall go to heaven. The common man now has an identity as the headsman. When Cromwell takes the mask from his sleeve the whole audience can see him doing it and so again it breaks the realism even at an intense moment. This break in reality might get the audience to think about the morality of what is happening to More and whether they think that he should die or not, this is exactly what Bolt wanted, the audience to be thinking about the theory. In Act two we are told the exact stage settings, "Bars, rack and cage flown swiftly upwards" This happens all in front of the audience so the idea showing the audience that it is not real is done here, they can see the change of scenery so it now is impossible to believe that what they see is real.

Flame Test Lab Essay

Introduction/Purpose: When a certain amount of energy is supplied within an atom, the electrons of that atom begin to move up the levels of electron configuration. This level of energy is called a quantum. The object of this experiment was to examine the movement of electrons up and down energy levels through the use of given elemental substances. With heat supplying a large amount of energy, the properties of the elements caused them to give off a certain color or tone of the light spectrum. Materials: Several materials were needed for the conduction of this experiment. Bunsen burners were used to generate heat. The process also required elements in liquid state, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, SrCl2, CuCl2, BaCl2, nichrome wire(or remove a pre-soaked wood splint), small test tubes for the metal ion solutions, safety goggles, and tabs to absorb the liquids. Containers were labeled to identify each element. Observations were recorded on a data table. Safety: You must wear your goggles at all times. Nothing on the lab tables except a pencil and your lab paper. No food or drink allowed whatsoever. Do not physically touch the chemicals. No actin a fool. Procedure: 1. Fill the test tubes with 5-10 drops of each metal ion solution. 2. Dip a wire loop into a metal ion solution (or remove a pre-soaked wood splint). 3. Hold the wire loop in the Bunsen burner flame and observe the color of the flame. Record your observations in the data table. If using wood splints avoid catching them on fire. 4. Be sure the loop is clean for the next sample (no more flame color). 5. Option: Watch the flame through a diffraction grading slide to see the bright line emission spectrum. Conclusion: In conclusion, we discovered that every metal ion solution has a distinct emission spectrum. Low energy red was proven to be on the low energy side. While violet indicates high energy.

Man-made environment issue- Eutrophication Essay

Eutrophication is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances to an aquatic system. (Schindler, David and Vallentyne, John R. 2004)Most people don’ t really know about it, so I’m writing this essay to tell some facts about two major causes, the bad effect in my country – China and the prevention and reversal and how can the algae be used to make more benefit to the world and people who live on it. The two major causes of eutrophication are excess nitrates and excess phosphates in water. (e-How Jul 05, 2012)Many farmers use fertilizers to make their plants grow better, but one of the most frequently-used fertilizers is the fertilizer which contain nitrates and phosphates. Once fertilizer is applied, the nitrates, which are water soluble, will leach into groundwater or erode and end up in surface runoff. Phosphates will adhere to soil articles, and often accumulate in soil and erode, along with soil, into aquatic environments. ( Smith, V. H. ; Tilman, G. D. ; Nekola, J. C. 1999. ) Meanwhile, nitrates can also vaporize into the atmosphere, where they become a major source of acid rain. When the raindrops drop into lakes or rivers and streams, there are nitrates that come into water and cause the eutrophication. The bad effect of eutrophication in China is really serious. One of the most famous ones is the Tai River blue-green algae in 2007. Because of the eruption of blue-green algae, the water can’t be used at all. It smells like something is becoming putrid. Also some algal blooms are toxic to plants and animals. It has affected the citizen’s lives; they can just drink and use the water which was brought in shops. The urgent demand of the water has caused the price of the water to became more and more expensive. (Face to the Tai River blue-green algae 2007) It has not only brought people a lot of inconvenience but it also causes ecological consequences. â€Å"The general types of ecological consequences include: reduction in biodiversity, die-off of certain organisms, reduction in visibility and mobility functions due to biotic overgrowth. † (Eutrophication December 18, 2007) Because it causes a lot of biont to die, it breaks the balance of the natural world. Once the balance is broke, it’ll take a lot of time and plenty of human interference to fix it. In addition, it also affects the pocketbook of fishermen. There was less fish so fishermen could not catch many fish. (Face to the Tai River blue-green algae 2007) Even though eutrophication is just like an evil, there are still some ways to make it better. First of all, people can solve it by using biont that can remove or eat the nitrates or algae. â€Å"One proposed solution to eutrophication in estuaries is to restore shellfish populations, such as oysters. Oyster reefs remove nitrogen from the water column and filter out suspended solids, subsequently reducing the likelihood or extent of harmful algal blooms or anoxic conditions. †(Kroeger, Timm, 2012) And some plants, such as water hyacinth, Alternanthera sessilis, Zizania aquatica and plants like them are also helpful. ( No data,2008). The second one is a future work: minimizing nonpoint pollution. People can make riparian buffer zones which are interfaces between a flowing body of water and land. Creating riparian buffer zones nearby farms and roads is an efficient way to manage the eutrophication problem goes further. ( Angold P. G. 1997) At the mean time, government can manage this problem by promulgating policy. The policy can be broken into four major sectors: technologies, public participation, economic instruments, and cooperation. Technologies include all kinds of technologies that can prevent the eutrophication or can make it within a region. (Oglesby, R. T. and Edmondson, W. T. 1966. ) For example, the treatment of sewage is one of them. Public participation is used to make sure people do something to help reverse the eutrophication so that the policy will be effective. The economic instruments are used to give incentives to those who are eco-friendly. (â€Å"Planning and Management of Lakes and Reservoirs: An Integrated Approach to Eutrophication. † 2000) The cooperation between different organizations is really necessary to prevent it spreading further. Lastly, sponsoring people to use algae is also a good idea. China is a good example. The supply of crabs in China is always less than demand because Chinese love eating crabs. But the same crabs in Germany were so much that cause a lot of problems. The reason is Chinese eat them but German don’t eat them. This means Chinese know how to use them, but Germans don’t. However, how to use eutrophication? I’ll talk about it in next paragraph. Although there are lots of bad effects of eutrophication, it is also possible to use the algae. First, they are used as fertilizers, soil conditioners and are a source of livestock feed. People can also eat them. â€Å"It is a complete protein with essential amino acids and it contains high amounts of simple and complex carbohydrates which provide the body with a source of additional fuel. † (Uses of Algae as Energy source, Fertilizer, 2013) From this we can see, the algae not only can be eaten but it also has a high level of nutrition. They are good for humans, animals and land. As they are crude, it won’t hurt the environment and they don’t use a lot of energy. As a result, the eutrophication also has a good aspect. To conclude, although there are a lot of causes of eutrophication, there are still ways to solve the problem. By these solutions, people can be successes in managing the eutrophication and even use it as a kind of resource. This can be helpful to the short of resources and the environment. At last, I hope after reading my essay, you can learn more about eutrophication! Reference list Angold P. G. (1997). â€Å"The Impact of a Road Upon Adjacent Heathland Vegetation: Effects on Plant Species Composition†. The Journal of Applied Ecology 34 (2): 409–417. Doi:10. 2307/2404886. JSTOR 2404886. [Accessed 13 April 2013] eHOW, (2012) Causes & Effect of Eutrophication [online] Available at: http://www. ehow. com/info_8387377_causes-effects-eutrophication. html [Accessed 13 April 2013] Face to the Tai River blue-green algae (2007) [online] Available at: http://news. sina. com. cn/c/2007-06-11/172513203878. shtml [Accessed 13 April 2013] How to manage eutrophication (2007) [online] Available at: http://www. goootech. com/solutions/detail/73015891. html [Accessed 13 April 2013] Schindler, David and Vallentyne, John R. (2004) Over fertilization of the World’s Freshwaters and Estuaries, University of Alberta Press, p. 1 [Accessed 13 April 2013] Uses of Algae as Energy source, Fertilizer, Food and Pollution control (2013) [online] Available at: http://www. oilgae. com/algae/use/use. html [Accessed 13 April 2013]

Marketing 3.0 Essays

Marketing 3.0 Essays Marketing 3.0 Essay Marketing 3.0 Essay Marketing 3. 0 Authors : Philip Kotler Hermawan Kartajaya Iwan Setiawan ISBN No: 978-81-265-2619-2 INTRODUCTION In this new book, written by Iwan Setiawan, Hermawan Kartajaya and Philip Kotler titled Marketing 3. 0: Values-Driven Marketing or the human-centric era is the age where consumers will be treated as human beings who are active, anxious, and creative. They define Marketing 1. 0 as a product-centric era, marked with the famous saying of Henry Ford, Any customers can have a car painted any colour that he wants as long it is black. When it comes to todays information age where consumers are well informed and can compare several value offerings of similar products, then the product value is defined by the consumer. They called it Marketing 2. 0 or customer-centric era. Marketing 3. 0 thinks about consumers as whole humans with hearts, minds and spirits. From Ford’s any colour you want, as long as it is black (Marketing 1. 0), to Customer is the King (Marketing 2. 0); marketing has evolved into a collaborative exercise which is defined as the marketing 3. 0. Marketing 3. clearly lays out the authors key ideas and gives you real-world examples so you can implement Marketing 3. 0 practices at your organization. Customers have realized that their purchasing power has a global impact, and they are acting accordingly and talking to each other about the choices they make. Marketing 3. 0 explains how you can engage this conversation, position your brand as a positive force in the world, and collaborate successful ly with customer-advocates. Marketing 3. 0 takes a holistic approach to customers as multidimensional, values-driven people, even as potential collaborators. Marketing 3. 0 explores how brands have an impact on issues such as poverty. Socio-cultural change and environmental sustainability. It also looks at how values-driven marketing affects employees, channel partners, and shareholders. The new model for marketing-Marketing 3. 0-treats customers not as mere consumers but as the complex, multi-dimensional human beings that they are. Customers, in turn, are choosing companies and products that satisfy deeper needs for participation, creativity, community, and idealism. Leading companies realize they must reach these highly aware, technology-enabled customers, and that the old rules of marketing wont help them do this. Instead, they must create products, services, and corporate cultures that inspire, include, and reflect their customers values. With the human spirit being the key driver across an organization’s vision, mission and values,   it’ll be a major overhaul for most of us to move beyond the Segment – Target – Promotion (STP) approach and adopt a more inclusive approach. Products can no longer be sold in isolation. Consumers search for companies that meet their deepest needs for social, economic and environmental justice in their mission, vision and values. Not for only functional and emotional fulfilment but also human spirit fulfilment in the products and services they choose. In Marketing 3. 0, world-leading marketing guru Philip Kotler explains why the future of marketing lies in creating products, services, and company cultures that inspire, include, and reflect the values of target customers. Examines companies that are ahead of the curve, such as S. C. Johnson. The values of S. C Johnson amp; Son are rooted in the concept of the triple bottom line: economic value, environmental health and social progress. To target the minds, hearts and spirit of current and future employees, the company uses the triple bottom line concept. By saying that the company’s fundamental strength lies in its people, it targets the mind. To target the heart, the company hires mothers and was dubbed one of the 100 best companies for working mothers. By offering the opportunity to do what’s right for the environment and social sustainability, the company targets the spirit. Marketing 3. is about changing the way consumer do things in their lives. When a brand brings transformation, consumers will unconsciously accept the brand as part of their lives. This is what human spirit marketing is all about. A brand possesses great characters when it becomes the symbol of a movement that addresses the problems in the society and transforms people’s lives. Example Colgate, a brand with a mission to make people smile is running a consumer empowerment program called Smile. It encourages consumers to post photos of their smiles and connect with others participating in the program. CHAPTER WISE SUMMARY Chapter 1 In this chapter, Marketing 3. 0 is the era where marketing practices are very much influenced by changes in consumer behaviour and attitude. It is the more sophisticated form of the consumer-centric era where the consumer demands more collaborative, cultural and spiritual marketing approaches. New wave technology enables people to turn from being consumers into prosumers. One of the enablers of new wave technology is the rise of social media. Social media is classified in two types: 1. Expressive social media that include blogs, twitter, face book, photo sharing sites like flickr and other social networking sites. . Collaborative social media that includes sites such as Wikipedia, Craiglist etc. Technology drives globalisation of the legal, political, economy and social culture landscape, which creates cultural paradoxes in the society. As social media becomes increasingly expressive, consumers will be able to increasingly influence other consumers with their opinions and experiences . The influence that corporate advertising has on shaping buying behaviour will diminish accordingly. Because social media is low cost and bias free, it will be the future of marketing communications. Collaboration can also be a new source of innovation. Marketers today no longer have full control over their brands because they are now competing with the collective power of the consumers. Collaboration begins when marketing managers listen to the consumers’ voices to understand their minds and capture market insights. A more advanced collaboration takes place when consumers themselves play the key role in creating value through cocreation of products and services. Marketing 3. 0 is not about companies doing public relations. It is about companies weaving values into their corporate cultures. Profit will result from consumers’ appreciation of these companies contribution to human well being. Chapter 2 The year 1989 proved to be the tipping point for marketing as well. The personal computer had entered the mainstream and the internet was born as a strong complement in the 1990s. Technology also drives the rise of the creative market, i. e. more spiritual in viewing the world. Given the rise of more engaged consumers, the 3i model (identity, integrity amp; image) will be essential for all marketing practitioners to effectively handle positioning, differentiating and branding. Marketing in culmination will be a consonance of 3 concepts: identity, integrity and image. Marketing is clearly defining your unique identity and strengthening it with authentic integrity to build a strong image. Marketing 3. 0 offers not just a concept, but detailed notes on how it can be implemented and practiced by corporates. Chapter 3 To market the company’s or products mission to consumers, companies need to offer a mission of transformation, build compelling stories around it and involve consumers in accomplishing it. Defining a good mission starts with identifying small ideas that can make a big difference. To convince consumers that your stories are authentic, engage them in conversation about your brand. Customer empowerment is the key to making a difference. Chapter 4 Corporate culture is about integrity. It is about aligning the shared values and common behaviour of employees. In the context of the forces at work, corporate culture should be collaborative, cultural and creative. It should transform the lives of people employees and empower employees to transform the lives of others. Permission to play values is the basic standards of conduct that the employees should have when they join the company. Aspirational values are values that a company lacks but the management hopes to achieve. Accidental values are acquired as a result of common personality traits of employees. Core values are the real corporate culture that guides employees’ actions. Shaping a corporate culture means aligning shared values and common behaviour. Good values are the ones aligned with the forces at work: collaborative technology, globalisation driven cultural transformation and the rising importance of creativity. Hence, good values are those that stimulate and nurture the collaborative, cultural and creative sides of employees. Chapter 5 Technology enabled forces of globalisation to work. Channel management begins with finding the right channel partners with similar purpose, identity and ultimately values. Partners with compatible values will be able to deliver the stories convincingly to consumers. To bring the partnership one step forward, companies should integrate with the partners to bring integrity to the stories. Companies such as ITC limited play an important role in partnering with the poor to distribute their products in the rural areas. Chapter 6 Long term driven capitalism will make a significant contribution and they encourage shareholders to be more patient in their investments. To convince shareholders, a company’s management needs to formulate and communicate the corporate vision in addition to its mission and values. The corporate vision should embrace the concept of sustainability as it will determine competitive advantage in the long run. The company needs to communicate to its shareholders that adoption of sustainable practices will improve cost productivity, lead to higher revenue growth and improve corporate brand value. Chapter 7 A company should choose to promote issues based on three criteria: the relevance with its vision-mission values, the business impact, and the social impact. Companies should also act as good corporate citizens and address social problems within their business models. Companies are traditionally started for the purpose of making a profit through satisfying some set of market wants and desires. If they succeed and grow, they will usually receive requests to make donations to worthwhile causes. Overtime, the public begins to expect companies to operate as engines for social-cultural development and not engines for profit making. Some companies may react to this by building social challenge into the very fabric of their character. At this time, they transform the society and they have entered the marketing 3. 0 stage. Chapter 8 Poverty remains a core issue facing humankind. The distribution of income is in the shape of a pyramid rather than a diamond, with too many poor at the base of the pyramid. But pyramids can be converted to diamonds by empowering the poor. 1. Micro lending to the poor, especially women, who use the money in a productive way and show very high rates of payment. . Encourage the formation of Social business enterprises (SBE’s). The company can be positioned as a ‘hero for the poor’ or as a company that ‘teaches people how to fish instead of giving them free fish’. A SBE helps to improve their lives by providing affordable products and income generating opportunities. SBE’s offer the promise of rescuing the poor people by giving them opportunities and by using a modified marketing mix that makes their product and service offerings more affordable and accessible to the poor. Chapter 9 In this chapter, the importance of value based companies moving towards a green commitment is explained. Benefits include lower cost, better reputation and motivated employees. Three forces act for the building of the same. 1. Innovators- The innovator invents/innovates products that have the potential to save the environment via scientific research of major new green innovations. These products reverse the damage done and do not damage the environment. The innovations produce major impacts on the environment because they are used globally in the long run manner. . Investors- These are company that finance companies and individuals to do research projects in external companies or their own companies. 3. Propagator- These are companies that create environment ambassadors by spreading the values of protecting the earth to employees and consumers. It forms the critical mass or the support system that will purchase the products sold by the innovator and which will support the positive co ntribution of the investor. When all these roles act in the same market and collaborate, the green market is reinforced. Companies that promote environmental sustainability are practicing marketing 3. 0. Chapter 10 Customers are more aware, more active, and more powerful than ever before. Marketing 3. 0 shows you how to demonstrate you relevance to this interconnected, global community, giving you an unmatched guide to winning in this new age of marketing. The growth of social networks make it easier for people to talk about existing companies, products and brands in terms of their functional performance as well as their social performance. The new generation is much more attuned to social issues and concerns than ever before. Finally the book closes by talking about the ten credos of marketing 3. 0. The company fulfilling the mentioned ten doctrines is said to be practicing marketing 3. 0. 1. Love your customers, respect your competitors. 2. Be sensitive to change, be ready to transform 3. Guard your name, be clear who you are 4. Customers are diverse, go first to those who can benefit most from you. 5. Always offer a good package at a fair price 6. Always make yourself available, spread the good news. 7. Get your customers, keep and grow them. 8. Whatever your business, it is a service business to the nature. . Always refine your business process in terms of quality, cost and delivery. 10. Gather relevant information, but use wisdom in making your final wisdom. OVERVIEW OF THE BOOK Mktg 1. 0 represented  an effort to establish the superior performance of a product (Tide cleans better, Volvo is safety,)  In Mktg 2. 0; marketing added an emotional dimension to strengthen  its appeal to prospective cu stomers. We are entering Mktg 3. 0 where marketers are  adding a human spirit dimension. Mktg 1. 0 and 2. 0 is how about a product or offering will serve you. Mktg  3. is how a product and its company are sensitive to social and economic issues that are a concern to everyone. Companies that conduct themselves ecologically and create real value that  aligns with the social good will  be competitively favoured. The best companies right now, such as S. C. Johnson, are creating products, services, and company cultures that lead, inspire, and reflect the values of their customers. A key observation in this book is on Globalization as one of the trends that have influenced the emergence of Marketing 3. 0. The book calls it the ‘Globalization Paradox’ and quotes three instances of the same. First, the idea that capitalism does not require democracy which is exemplified by China – open markets do not mean open politics. The second paradox is explained as unequal distribution of wealth and the case in point is India with 50 Billionaires in one hand and 1 Billion of the population living with less than a dollar a day. And the third paradox is that the Global culture further strengthens the traditional culture as global cultural Brands gives direction owing to the increased awareness and concern in people about larger social issues. Another great thought in the book is about the age of creativity and human spirit marketing. In the information age, people are no longer willing to take brands at face value. What consumers are saying is not just, ‘What are you giving me? ’ but ‘Where do you come from? ’ and ‘What is the impact of my buying? ’ The new buzzwords are not just Value or Benefit, but include Authenticity and Social Impact as well. Thus, collaborative marketing and cultural marketing is considered as a breakthrough to the future. Relevance of Marketing 1. 0 amp; 2. 0 to Marketing Concept 3. 0 But marketing 1. 0 and 2. 0 still have some relevance. Marketing is still about developing segmentation, choosing the target segment, defining the positioning, providing the four P’s and building brand around the product. However, the changes in the business environment-recession, climate concerns, new social media, consumer empowerment, new wave technology, and globalisation- will continue to create a massive shift in marketing practices. Legendary marketing sage Philip Kotler and his colleagues Hermawan Kartajaya and Iwan Setiawan have identified this definitive break with new model imbued as Marketing 3. 0. Moving beyond product-based (Marketing 1. ) and consumer-based (Marketing 2. 0) approaches, Marketing 3. 0 takes a holistic approach to customers as multidimensional, values-driven people, even as potential collaborators. Unlike traditional marketing that emphasizes rational (mind) and emotional (heart) benefits to a consumer, Marketing 3. 0 includes a third dimension – ‘spirit. ’ The authors have cited m any examples in various parts of this book to strengthen this concept of Marketing 3. 0. Organizations will need to define themselves not just in terms of products and profitability, but in terms of their values and larger connect with the community.

These Shining Livesâ€A Play by Melanie Marnich

These Shining Lives- A Play by Melanie Marnich These Shining Lives revolves around  the real-life circumstances of women in the 1920s who worked in a watch factory painting watch faces  with glowing radium-rich paint. While the characters and company in These Shining Lives are fictitious, the story of the Radium Girls and the toxic and deadly levels of radium poisoning of over 4,000 factory workers is true. The real-life Radium Girls took their company to court and achieved a long-lasting victory over corporations with poor workplace conditions and worker’s compensation that is still in effect today. The Plot The women in These Shining Lives are delighted to find high-paying work in the early part of the century. They earn 8 ¢ for each watch face they paint and if they are fast enough and neat enough, they can earn over $8 a day. That kind of money could change the entire circumstances of a woman and her family in the 1920s. Catherine, also called Katie, is leaving home for her first day of work. She has twins and a loving and supportive husband. They are barely making ends meet and she sees the opportunity to work and bring home money as a huge boon to her family. At the factory, she meets her tablemates, Frances, Charlotte, and Pearl and learns how to paint the watches: Take the brush and twirl it between your lips to make a sharp point, dip it in the paint, and paint the numbers. â€Å"It’s a lip, dip, and paint routine,† Frances instructs her. When Catherine comments on how the paint glows and tastes, she is told that radium is medicinal and cures all kinds of maladies. She quickly becomes adept at the work and loves her new identity as a working woman. Six years later, however, she and every girl working on the watches have health problems. Many are fired for needing too many sick days. Some die. Catherine is afflicted with severe pains in her legs, arms, and jaw. Eventually, Catherine finds a doctor willing to tell her the truth. She and all the others have toxic levels of radium poisoning. Their condition is fatal. Instead of fading into the background, Catherine and her friends decide to risk their names, images, and reputations and take the watch company to court. Production Details Setting: Chicago and Ottowa, Illinois Time: 1920s and 1930s Cast Size: This play is written to accommodate 6 actors, but there are as many as 18 roles if the doubling recommended in the script is ignored. Male Characters: 2 (who also double as 7 other minor characters) Female Characters: 4 (who also double as 5 other minor characters) Characters that could be played by either males or females: 4 Roles Catherine Donohue is a proud working woman. She is vibrant and competitive. Although she insists that her job is a temporary one, she enjoys working outside of the home and she is unapologetic about it. Frances has a keen eye for scandal. She loves the time and attention she gets from her work companions. The actress playing Frances also plays Reporter 2 and an Official. Charlotte is a tough taskmaster and a determined woman. She works hard at her job, doesn’t make friends easily and she doesn’t let go of the friends she has made or let them give up. The actress playing Charlotte also plays Reporter 1. Pearl is a shameless gossip who sees her work as an opportunity to know everything about everyone. Not a single symptom of scandal or sickness escapes her notice. The actress playing Pearl also plays the Daughter and Judge 2. Tom Donohue is Catherine’s husband. He is head-over-heels for his wife and family even though he is somewhat troubled by having a working wife. The actor playing Tom also plays Dr. Rowantree and Dr. Dalitsch. Mr. Reed is the boss at the factory. It is clear that he has information about the effects of radium poisoning but he abides by company policy and does not inform his workers. He wants to make the factory profitable. Although he is invested in his workers and their lives and even considers them friends, he knowingly allows them to continue to be poisoned and sicken and die. The actor playing Mr. Reed also plays the Radio Announcer, the Company Doctor, the Son, Judge, and Leonard Grossman. Content Issues: Negligible Production rights for These Shining Lives are held by Dramatists Play Service, Inc.

The social network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The social network - Essay Example The dialogues also underline Zuckerberg’s need to belong to one of the prestigious Final Clubs, and his almost rabid obsession. This is strengthened by the success of his friend Eduardo Saverin in getting into Phoenix, one of the exclusive clubs at Harvard. The movie is clearly written from Saverin’s point of view. Thus, the movie alternates between the early days of Facebook [When it was known as ‘The Facebook’] and the independent lawsuits involving Saverin and the Winklevoss twins against Zuckerberg. If the movie had been written from the Winklevoss’ twins perspective, it would perhaps have focused more on the definition of an idea and their allegations that mark Zuckerberg stole their idea. That makes for interesting thought. Did Zuckerberg steal their idea? Or did he improve upon it so substantially that it was something different from their idea? As put by Zuckerberg in the movie, he believes that Facebook was his own product and that the Winklevoss’ team did not have either the competence or imagination to build such a thing. The movie also makes us think about the importance of intellectual property. What was merely an idea in 2004 is now worth billions. Should the Winklevoss team have done something much earlier? Shouldn’t they have filed for restraining orders and injunctive reliefs? Perhaps they should have. However, in that case Facebook would perhaps never have been what it is today. Another important aspect of the film is the analysis of Saverin and Zuckerberg’s relationship with each other. Saverin is portrayed as likeable and someone who tried his best to make Facebook a success. However, it is clear that he does not have control over the frenetic pace with which Facebook develops, and how he ends up losing out to Sean Parker, in terms of Zuckerberg’s affection. At the end Zuckerberg ends up settling with both the parties. However, it would be wrong to castigate Zuckerberg. Mark Zuckerberg

Connection between disabilities and poverty Essay

Connection between disabilities and poverty - Essay Example Low income precedes disability. Consequently, poverty among the pregnant women, poor diet, and stressful living increases the incidences of prematurity among the babies. For example, premature births and low birth weight are indicators of future disability (Lustig and Strauser, 195). Together disability and poverty creates a vicious circle. Worldwide over a billion people have some form of disability with majority of the incidents resulting from poverty instances. Once the poor people are disabled, their poverty levels worsen more. Disabled people are subjects of discrimination in the world we live in, and are frequently denied access to employment opportunities, healthcare, and education that they require to lift them out of poverty. Rather the individuals become poorer more. Individuals with a disability remain on the verge edge of existence and their poverty levels cause a greater effect on their disability (Braithwaite and Mont 220). Together disability and poverty creates a vicious circle. However, disabled individuals re often regarded to be a curse in the society and are even considered being as a result of witchcraft and bad luck. Disabled people are often hidden away from others or left even alone to die. The millennium development goal on eradication of poverty can only be achieved if special consideration is given to the disabled