Gvt Task 2

racetrack Head GVT Task 2 GVT Task 2 Maureen OConnor Hesperian Governors University The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, clear bowel consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and large intestine consisting of the transverse colon, descending colon, hike colon, cecum, sigmoid colon, rectum, vermiform appendix and anus be all part of the alimentary canal. The function of the alimentary canal is to provide nourishment. The teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas are considered to be accessory digestive organs.These organs produce saliva (salivary glands), rancour (gallbladder and liver) and digestive enzymes which contribute to the breakdown process of victuals. Mechanical digestion begins with the process of victorious aliment into the mouth or ingestion and chewing it until it can be moved through the alimentary canal during the propulsion process. This process includes swallowing and in a series of muscle contractions and relaxation it is then moved from atomic number 53 organ to another.Swallowing is performed in the pharynx while peristalsis occurs in the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. Breakdown of the food in the stomach, excessively called churning and in the small intestine are also part of the mechanical digestion process. When food leaves the stomach the process of chemical digestion begins. This is when lucres, proteins, and lipids are broken down into naive sugars, amino venereal diseases, roundty acerbics and glycerol, otherwise known as chemical structure blocks.Enzymes are chiefly responsible for carrying out chemical digestion and are secreted in the central cavity of the alimentary canal. Digestive enzymes include salivary and pancreatic amylase, present in the mouth and small intestine, maltase and lactase which are also present in the small intestine and are involved with carbohydrate digestion. Pepsin which is present in the stomach and chymotrypsin present in the small intestine b oth involved with protein digestion. Aminopeptidase breaks down amino acids during protein digestion.Finally pancreatic lipase is involved with fill in digestion. Summary of Two Experiments An experiment performed in the Department of Food Sciences and nutritionary Health at Kyoto Prefectual University involved polylysine which had been used as a food additive in Japan for many years. The researchers were interested in how polylysine curb pancreatic lipase. They performed the experiment on rats and then measured the effect of the polylysine aft(prenominal)wardwards the rats were fed a meal.These measurements were taken after the rats had been administered fat emulsion with the polylysine and fat emulsion without polylysine. The results suggested that polylysine had the ability to inihibit pancreatic lipase in the small intestine and inhibit dietetical fat absorption. A second experiment involved alpha-amylase curtailment from the white kidney bean and its effect on weight l oss and argument glucose levels. Clinical studies in which subjects were given the white bean carrefour and their after meal glucose levels were studied.A group of subjects with diabetes were also given the white bean product and there was found to be a decrease in their after meal glucose levels. There were more clinical studies in which subjects were given alter doses of the white bean product along with amino acids with varying levels of dietary intake. The conclusion was that alpha-amylase inhibitor does have an effect on the absorption rate of carbohydrates and be a factor in weight management as easily as type 2 diabetes mellitus control. Independent ExperimentQuestionIndependent Variable parasitic VariableControlled Variable What is the effect of digestive enzymes on earth-ball cover? Kind of digestive enzyme added to insignificant butter. Change in consistency or texture of undistinguished butter after 1 hour. Equal arrive of peanut butter in each(prenominal) cup. If I add pepsin and hydrochloric acid to peanut butter, this should cause a budge in the consistency of the peanut butter after 1 hour. If I add lipase and hydrochloric acid to peanut butter this should cause a change in the consistency of the peanut butter after 1 hour.The lining of the stomach secretes gastric juices including hydrochloric acid which dissolves food, pepsin which is a protein-splitting enzyme and lipase, a fat-dissolving enzyme. By adding the Biuret solution to identify the presence of protein to each cup containing peanut butter, enzymes and hydrochloric acid there should be a change in color to pink or purple. Data Table 1 Cup contents 1 groundnut butter 2 groundnut vine Butter & Pepsin 3Peanut Butter + Pepsin + HCl 4Peanut Butter + Lipase 5Peanut Butter + Lipase+ HClResults Data Table Cup ContentsObservations 1Peanut Butter 2Peanut Butter & Pepsin 3Peanut Butter + Pepsin + HCl 4Peanut Butter + Lipase 5Peanut Butter + Lipase+ HCl Summary of Results and Conclus ion Pepsin and hydrochloric acid are present in the stomach glands and responsible for breaking down protein to the building block grade to become amino acids. The absorption of protein then occurs and amino acids enter hairlike blood via villi and subsequently transported via the hepatic portal vein to the liver.Although lipase is present in the stomach it is not very effective because the stomach is a strongly acid environment. The majority of fat digestion happens in the small intestine although it require bile from the liver to break it down into glycerol and fatty acids. at once that occurs the fatty acids enter the lacteals of the villi for transportation via lymphatic transportation to the thoracic duct. glycerin and fatty acids (small-chain) are transported via the hepatic portal vein to the liver.